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Angiostrongylus cantonensis
''Angiostrongylus cantonensis'' is a parasitic nematode (roundworm) that causes Angiostrongyliasis, the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin. The nematode commonly resides in the pulmonary arteries of rats, giving it the nickname the rat lungworm. Snails are the primary intermediate hosts, where larvae develop until they are infective.
Humans are incidental hosts of this roundworm, and may become infected through ingestion of larvae in raw or undercooked snails or other vectors, or from contaminated water and vegetables. The larvae are then transported via the blood to the central nervous system (CNS), where they are the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis, a serious condition that can lead to death or permanent brain and nerve damage. Angiostrongyliasis is an infection of increasing public health importance as globalization contributes to the geographic spread of the disease.
==History==
First described by Chen (1935)〔Chen HT. Un nouveau nématode pulmonaire, Pulmonema cantonensis n.g., n.sp., des rats de Canton. ''Ann Parasit Hum Comp.'' 1935;13:312–370.〕 in Cantonese rats, the nematode ''Angiostrongylus cantonensis'' was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with eosinophilic meningitis by Nomura and Lim in Taiwan in 1944. They noted that raw food eaten by the patient may have been contaminated by rats. In 1955, Mackerass and Sanders identified the life cycle of the worm in rats, defining snails and slugs as the intermediate host and noting the path of transmission through the blood, brain, and lungs in rats.
In 2013, ''A. cantonensis'' was confirmed present in Florida, USA, where its range and prevalence are expanding.〔Iwanowicz DD, Sanders LR, Schill WB, Xayavong MV, da Silva AJ, Qvarnstrom Y, Smith T. 2015. Spread of the Rat Lungworm (''Angiostrongylus cantonensis'') in Giant African Land Snails (''Lissachatina fulica'') in Florida, USA. ''Journal of Wildlife Diseases'' 51(3):749-53. doi: 10.7589/2014-06-160. Epub 2015 May 14.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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